U.S. Senator Sen. Ed Markey has formally raised concerns over OpenAI’s plans to introduce advertising into ChatGPT, warning that ads embedded within AI chatbots could create new risks for consumer protection, data privacy, and the safety of younger users.
In letters sent to the leadership of major artificial intelligence companies including OpenAI, Google, Meta, Microsoft, Anthropic, Snap, and xAI, the Massachusetts Democrat questioned whether conversational AI platforms are adequately prepared to manage the ethical and regulatory challenges that come with monetized chatbot interactions. Markey argued that advertising within AI-driven conversations represents a fundamental shift in how digital ads may influence users.
OpenAI has confirmed that it will begin testing sponsored products and services for free ChatGPT users in the coming weeks. According to the company, these advertisements will appear at the bottom of chatbot conversations and will be tailored to the context of user queries. OpenAI has stated that ads will not be shown to users under the age of 18 or during discussions involving sensitive subjects such as physical health, mental health, or political topics.
Despite these safeguards, Markey cautioned that conversational AI creates a uniquely persuasive environment. He noted that users often develop a sense of trust or emotional engagement with chatbots, which could make it more difficult to distinguish between neutral responses and paid promotional content. This dynamic, he warned, could allow advertisers to exert undue influence in ways not seen in traditional digital advertising formats.
The senator also highlighted potential data privacy risks, emphasizing that AI companies must not use sensitive personal information — including health-related questions, family matters, or private thoughts — to shape targeted advertising. Markey questioned whether information excluded from ads during sensitive conversations might still be retained and later used to personalize advertising in future interactions.
In his correspondence, Markey stressed that AI platforms should not evolve into digital ecosystems designed to subtly manipulate users. He called on technology companies to demonstrate how they plan to ensure transparency, protect user data, and prevent deceptive advertising practices within AI chatbots.
Markey has given OpenAI and the other companies until February 12 to respond with detailed explanations of their advertising strategies, data usage policies, and safeguards aimed at protecting consumers. The inquiry signals growing regulatory attention on how artificial intelligence platforms monetize user interactions and the broader implications for privacy and ethical AI development.